He painga mō te pāmu, he painga mō te ika

Tirohia ngā rautaki e ora tonu ai ngā arawai mō ērā kei te taha whakararo o te wai me ngā ika taketake, waihoki ka whaihua hoki ngā pāmu, e kore ai hoki e heke iho ngā putanga.

He rite te pāmu kāore ōna kōawa ki te ika whai paihikara – me uaua ka kitea! Ahakoa kāore pea e pērā rawa te purata o te rauwiringa kōawa, manga hoki e rere ana i ngā pāmu, kāore e kore he ika taketake, he hātaretare, he rērēwai anō hoki kei roto i aua wai. Tērā pea he whaitua whakaputa hua ngā kōawa kei ngā pāmu kei te taha moana mō te terenga o te inanga i reira, tērā pea he kōwao onge kei ngā pāmu hipi kei ngā ika whenua.

I kitea i ngā tatauranga kātahi anō ka puta, ko te 72% o ngā momo ika taketake e 39 – i whai wāhi ki te tatau – kua tata te korehāhā. Ko tētahi hautoru anō o ngā otaota taketake me ngā hātaretare e pērā ana anō hoki.

Mā te whakarite kia marumaru ngā kōawa, kia kaua ai e takahia e te kararehe, e tauria e te parapara me te kenepuru, me te whakarite kia pai ngā kōrere mō ngā ika e ora pai ai ngā ika taketake i tō pāmu. Pērā i te pōpokotea a te kaikeri, he tohu pai ngā momo ika me ngā hātaretare kei tō pāmu i te ora o te wai me te pai o ngā mahi tiaki i te pāmu.

Ako me pēhea e whai ora ai ngā arawai mō te hunga kei te taha whakararo o te wai me ngā ika taketake, e whai hua ai anō hoki tō pāmu me ōna kaupapa.

Tuhinga

Whakatōkia ngā wāhi tūpoupou

Kaua e tukuna kia horo tō pāmu. Ma te whakatō otaota i ngā paritū, i ngā pakohu me ngā tahatika e iti iho ai te horo o te whenua i te pāmu, kia kore ai te kenepuru e tau ki roto i te wai. E kore e ora te maha o ngā ika taketake i te wai kua kī i te waipara.

He huakore hoki ngā wāhi paritū i te pāmu. E mahia tonuhia ana ngā mahi e kitea ai me pēhea te aukati i ngā te horo o te whenua i ēnei wāhi, me te whakapiki i te hua ka puta i te whenua nei, pēnei Mānuka plantation research for medical grade honey.

Whakamānawa: Showdown Productions

Āraia te pūkohu ngaruru

Nā te wai ora, ko te kararehe ora. Ko te tikanga o tēnei kōrero, he aukati i te rere o ngā whakamōmona ki ngā arawai. Ka hora ngā pōkuhu ngaruru patu i te tangata, i te kurī me te kararehe i te nui rawa o ngā whakamōmona i te wairākau me te parapara; i te wera o te rangi me ngā kōawa kāore e whai marumaru. Aukatihia te pōkuhu ngaruru mā te whakatū taiapa, mā te whakatō otaota hoki ki ngā arawai hei whakamātao i te wai. Ki te kore e taea te whakatū taiapa, whakatūria he waka whāinu kararehe,whakatōkia hoki he rākau whakamarumaru ki te wāhanga o runga o te pātiki, kia kore ai ngā kararehe e whakatata atu ki ngā repo me ngā kōawa.

Tuhinga

Nā Tākuta Ross Monaghan

Ko te whakapākeka whakamōmona tētahi raru nui mō te taiao. Tuatahi, ka nui rawa te pākawa ota ka uru ki ngā manawa ā-whenua e whakamahia ana hei wai ihu. He raru tērā nō te mea ka whakamahia tērā wai i ngā pātara miraka mā ngā pēpi, otirā tē taea e ngā tinana pēpi te pākawa ota te kūnatu pēnei i tō te pakeke. Nō reira, me rite te nui o te pākawa ota kei ngā wai inu ki tā te World Health Organisation i whakatau ai, arā, kei raro iho i te 10 mirikarāmu pākawa ota i te rīta kotahi.

Tuarua, ko tētahi āhuatanga e kaka kitea ana i Aotearoa ināianei, ko te whakamōmona o ngā wai. He karangatanga tēnei mō te matomato o te tupu o ngā tarutaru me ngā pūkohu wai i ngā kōawa me ngā wahapū. Ko te take i tino pēnei ai te kino, ko te pākawa ota me te pūtūtaewhetū. Ka rere te pākawa ota i te pāmu nei ki tētahi roto, ki tētahi wahapū rānei. Ki te tae ngātahi me te pūtūtaewhetū, he tino whakamōmona tērā, ā, ka matomato te tupu mai o ngā tarutaru porearea me ngā pūkohu wai. Waihoki, he nui ngā hua kino ka taka iho mai i tēnei me ngā tūmomo whakamahinga i te wai mō ngā kaupapa ngahau, me te whaihua o ngā puni koiora, nō te mea ka patua ngā kararehe me ngā otaota kia mate.

Ko te Takurua tētahi wāhanga o te tau e kino ai te whakapākeka o te pākawa ota. Tuatahi, koirā te wāhanga o te tau e tino heke ai te ua, ka kawea te pākawa ota kei te one e te wai. Tuarua, he wāhanga o te tau, kāore otaota e tino horomi ana. Mena e tino mārakerake ana te pātiki, he nui te pākawa ota e whakahokia ana ki taua pātiki hei mimi, engari kāore he otaota hei horomi i taua pākawa ota kia mahana rānō te whenua i te Koanga Nō reira, koirā ngā take nui e rua ko te Takurua te wāhanga o te tau e nui ai ngā matū ka whakapākekatia.

Whakamānawa: ki Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato me ētahi rauemi āpiti nā Tākuta Ross Monaghan nō AgResearch; ki a Juliet Milne nō Te Kaunihera ā-Rohe o Otepoti; ki a Tamara Douglas anō hoki.

Whakatōkia ngā repo

He hikuwai whakahirahira ngā whenua pōharuharu me ngā wairepo rei e papī ai te wai me ngā puna i te pāmu mō ngā kōawa, waihoki ka tino whaihua i ngā marama maroke o te raumati. He pai hoki ēnei repo hei tātari i ngā whakamōmona i mua i te terenga ki ngā arawai. Kaua e tangohia te wai o reira, whakatūria kētia he taiapa, whakatōkia hoki ki ngā mauti māori, ngā toetoe me ngā harakeke hei whaitua kaupare hei ngongo, hei whakapōturi i te rara o te wai pātaua i muri i te patapataiāwhā.

Whakamānawa: Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato

Tiakina ngā awakeri

Kaua ō huamoni e riro i te keri manga. Mā te whakatū taiapa me te whakatō otaota ki rō manga e raru ai ngā taru i te maru, e aukati ai hoki i te kenepuru, kia iti oho ai ō keringa i aua manga. Ki te iti iho te whakatikatika, ka nui ake te wā me te pūtea ka penapenahia.

Whakamānawa: Ross Henry, 123RF Ltd

Whakaitihia te hauota

Kia māmā te tuku i te hauota. Ka puta mai te hauota i ngā parapara kararehe, i ngā whakamahinga wairākau rānei. Ki te nui ake te hauota i tā ngā otaota e āhei ai ki te horomi, ka rere te toenga ki ngā arawai. Waihoki, ka huri te hauota ki te hauota-rua ōkai (N₂0), he haurehu kati mahana ka whai wāhi ki te kati mahana (greenhouse effect), e piki ai te paemahana o te ao.

He whakaritenga pai ā-pāmu te whakahaere i te hauota. Mā te whakatō i ngā otaota horomi hauota, mā te whakamahi i ngā utauta whakatahua whakamōmona e tutuki ai tēnā. Mā te waiho i ngā pīnaki e horo haere ana me ngā whenua pōharuharu e iti iho ai te hauota e whakapākeka ana ki ngā arawai. Pānuitia tēnei nutrient management mō te pāmu, whakamahia rānei tēnei e ako ai i ngā kōrero mō Terrestrial nitrogen cycle.

Ka taunaki te pūrongo a te kāwanatanga Our Fresh Water i te whakaaro e piki haere ana te nui o ngā pākawa ota me te hauota kei ngā arawai.

Tuhinga

Nā Tākuta Ross Monaghan

Ko tētahi whakaritenga whakahaere e whakaitingia ai te ngaro haere o te hauota, kia kaua e nui rawa te hauota ka whakamahia i ia whakamahinga, i te tau rānei. Ka whakapau kaha hoki mātou kia tika te whakahaere i ngā parapara kararehe ka kohikohia e mātou i ngā whare miraka kau, kia iti te whakahokinga ki te whenua. Mā te aukati i te haerenga o ngā kararehe ki te mimi ki ngā whaitua otaota apiapi e iti haere ai te ngaromanga o te mimi tata ki ngā kōawa.

Ko tētahi atu rautaki, ko te āta whakaaro mō te wāhi e whakahokia ai te mimi kararehe. I ngā wāhi e taea ana, me whai wāhi ngā kararehe ki ngā marumaru, e pai ai te kohi i te mimi, kia purutia i te Takurua, ka whakahokia ai ki te whenua hei te Koanga e whai mai ana. Mā reira e iti rawa ai te nui o te hauota e whakapākeka ana.

Ko tētahi atu rautaki whakahirahira hei āwhina ki te whakahaere i te raru hauota, ko te āta tiaki i ngā whaitua otaota apiapi me ngā repo. He wāhanga whakahirahira ngā repo o te taiao, ka noho hei wāhi tātari mō te para, inarā te tātari i te hauota e uru ana ki ngā repo. Nō reira, he mea nui te tiaki i ngā repo e toe tonu nei, te whakaara anō i ngā repo kua karia kētia, kua kaha te whakamahi hei whenua whāngai kararehe. Me kaua hoki e tuku i ngā kararehe kia kai i ngā whaitua otaota apiapi, nō te mea ka pākarukaru te whenua i ngā waewae kararehe, ka tiko ai, ka mimi tika atu ai ki ngā arawai.

Kikī ana te mimi i te hauota, ā, kikī ana te tiko i te pūtūtaewhetū me ngā huakita tiko. Ka whakakaha ake te pūtūtaewhetū i te raru whakamōmona wai, ka kawea hoki e ngā para tiko ngā rauropi meroiti i ngā tūmomo māuiui e māuiui ai te tangata, nō reira me mātua kaupare tērā. Ko te rautaki matua, ko te whakatū taiapa.

Ko te utauta Overseer tētahi tauira whakatahua whakamōmona, he mea whakawhanake e ētahi whare wānanga me ngā CRI. He utauta hei āwhina ki te ārahi i ngā whakahaeretanga whakamōmona, inarā ngā hua o te wairākau, kia kore ai e tāruahia te haumako o ngā para me ngā wairākau anō hoki. E kaha ana te whakamahia o taua utauta ki te whakatau, te pānga o te hauota ki te wai, ki te kōhauhau rānei i ngā mahi pāmu rerekē me ngā taiao, one, paemahana rerekē anō hoki. Ka tino whaihua tēnā utauta mō tātou ki te kimi huarahi e pai ai ngā kaipāmu ki te tirotiro ki ngā tahua pūtea me te kī ake “Ka pai, me pēhea au e whakapiki i te whāomotanga o ngā whakamōmona, me pēhea hoki au e whakaiti i ngā huakoretanga, me pēhea hoki au e tino whai hua ina hoko wairākau ahau?”

Whakamānawa: Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato, me ngā rauemi āpiti nā Dr Ross Monaghan, nō AgResearch me McDonald’s Lime.

Aukatia ngā kararehe ki te taiapa

Ka pākarukaru ngā tapa koawa i ngā kararehe, ā, ka paru hoki te wai i te tiko me te mimi ka rere tika atu ki te wai. Ka piki te taumata o te hauota i tērā. Me pai ngā tahatika kōawa mō ngā ika taketake hei wāhi huna, hei wāhi whakaputa hua anō hoki; kāore hoki rātou e paku rata ki te waikōparu.

Mō ngā kaipāmu, ehara te kukume kau i ngā repo me ngā arawai i ngā pō marangai o te Hōtoke i te mahi ngahau, ā, kāore hoki e whaihua ā-moni nei ina mate ngā kau, inā hoki ka ngaro tōna $1,500 i ia kau tuku waiū pai ka mate.

Huri noa i te motu, e kitea ana e ngā kaipāmu, mā ngā tikanga manaaki taiao whaihua, pērā i te whakatū taiapa i ngā arawai, ka angitu ā rātou pakihi, he whakaritenga pai ā-pāmu anō hoki.

Whakamānawa: Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato

He kōrere pai mō ngā ika

Me mātua wātea ngā arawai hei terenga mō ngā ika. Me whai wāhi ētahi ki te heke, e tutuki ai te huringa ā-oranga.

Tirohia ngā kōrere kei te pāmu – tohua ngā whakawhitinga kōrer e whaihua ana, whakatikaina ērā kāore e whaihua ana. Whakatikahia ērā mā te tāpiri rōnaki, i ngā pāwhata anō hoki.

Ina whakatūria ai ētahi kōrere hou, me pai mō ngā ika!

Tuhinga

Nā Cheri van Schravendijk-Goodman

Ko te raru o ngā kōrere kei ngā hikuawa, ka haukoti i te whaitua i te pū matua o te awa. He kōrere nui te kōrere, ka āwhina ki te tango i te wai i te whenua, engari ko te raru o ngā kōrere, ka whakatūria i runga ake i te wai, ka tata rānei ki te wai (kei te āhua o te awa te tikanga). Mō ngā inanga – pēnei i te kōkopu me ētahi atu – e āhei ana ki te piki, engari anō te peke. Ehara i te tipua!

Ko ngā rōnaki ika me ngā pāwhata ētahi wāhanga e pīrangi nei mātou ki te āpiti atu ki ngā kōrere me ngā kēti waipuke e pai ake ai te tūhonotanga o te awa me te hikuawa, nō te mea e pai ana ki ngā kōkopu, ngā kōaro me ngā īnanga aua hikuawa. Kei reira pea aua ika e whakaputa hua ana, nō reira me māmā te whakawhitinga, engari me kaua e pā kino ki te whakamahinga o aua whenua nō te mea he mahi tā ngā kōrere. I te nuinga o te wā, ka hāngai ki te haumarutanga o te tangata, inarā ngā kēti waipuke. Kāore mātou i te hiahia kia uaua te nohotahi o te tangata me te taiao.

Ko ngā rōnaki toka, ko ngā rōnaki ika he rautaki e tūhonotia anō ai ngā hikuawa whai ārai, pēnei i ngā kōrere me ngā kēti waipuke.

Ko ngā rautaki kua whakamahia e NIWA, ko te whakamahi i ngā toka kua purua ki ngā rōnaki raima. He tau ngā ika ki te piki, arā ngā ika ririki, nō reira me whakarite huarahi e hipa ai rātou i ngā kōrere. He wāhi whakatā hoki ēnā mō ngā ika.

Ko te pāwhata he toka, he pereki rānei kei roto i te kōrere, hei huarahi piki mō ngā ika, hei wāhi whakatā anō hoki.

Ka rerekē rawa te awa i ngā kōrere nei. I te nuinga o te wā, ina heke ai ngā hikuawa nei, ka whkapōturihia te rere e ngā kōpikopiko o te awa me ngā awa. He arawai torotika noa ngā kōrere, nō reira ka tino tere te rere o te wai, ka kaha hoki te rere. Ki te purua he pāwhata ki reira, kua whai wāhi ngā ika ki te piki i te pīnakitanga o ngā kōrere rā, kua whai wāhi whakatā, haumaru hoki ina ngēngē ai.

He whakamānawa ki a © Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato me ngā hanga i homai e Cheri van Schravendijk-Goodman; e Dr Bruno DavidWRC; me Dr Cindy Baker/NIWA. Nā 123RF, nā ō rātou kaikoha, hoa raihana rānei ētahi o ngā whakaahua i tēnei ataata, ā, e whakamahia nei i raro i te mana o te raihana. Kāore e āhei te tikiake, te tārua rānei i ēnei whakaahua ki te kore e whakaae a 123RF Limited. E mihi ana Te Whare Rangahau, Whakawhanake hoki o Waikato Tainui ki Te Rōpū Kaitiaki Whakapaipai i Te Awa o Waikato, e whakahaerehia nei e Te Manatū Whakahaere i Te Awa o Waikato, mōna i homai pūtea tautoko. Kāore Te Rōpū Kaitiaki Whakapaipai i Te Awa o Waikato e whakamana pea, e tautoko rānei i ngā kōrero o te whakaputanga.